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Business Interfaces
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Thermodynamics and Physical Properties
(471kB)
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CAPE-OPEN focuses on uniform fluids that are mixtures of pure components or pseudo-components, and whose quality can be described in
terms of molar composition. The physical properties operations that have been provided with standardised interfaces are those required for the calculation of vapour-liquid or liquid-solid equilibria or subsets thereof, as well as other commonly used thermodynamic
and transport properties. A key concept is that of a Material Object. Typically, each distinct material appearing in a process (in streams flowing between unit operations, as well as within individual unit operations) is characterized by one such object.
To support the implementation of the above framework, the CO standard defines interfaces for Material Objects, as well as for
thermodynamic property packages, calculation routines and equilibrium servers.
Changes in this version: Current version of the document is 1.08.008 and has been approved for public release in May 2011: no
change to the interface design but many comments and clarifications added. An Errata and Clarifications document has been created and approved
by CO-LaN Thermo SIG (current version dated January 2012): it addresses some important additional issues and should be referred to together
with the main interface specification document.
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Physical Properties Data Bases
(667kB)
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Physical Properties Data Bases (PPDB) interfaces define a CAPE-OPEN compliant standard interface for connecting a data base with
recorded physical property values and model parameters to flowsheeting and other engineering programs. This interface deals
with measured, correlated or estimated values of physical property data at discrete values of the variables of state
(temperature, pressure, composition).
Changes in this version:
Did not exist previously. Needs to be thoroughly tested.
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Petroleum Fractions
(255kB)
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Petroleum Fractions (PetroFrac) interfaces extend the standard Material Object for use in the modeling of hydrocarbon fluids processed
in refining, petrochemicals and offshore production facilities. They supply additional access to petroleum-specific properties (e.g.
RON, MON, cetane index, TBP curves, etc.), and allow characterizing parameters of the mixtures. They also introduce a small change in
the Unit Operation interfaces in order to distinguish Unit Operations handling petroleum fractions from others.
Changes in this version:
Did not exist previously. Needs to be thoroughly tested.
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Chemical Reactions
(511kB)
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Chemical
Reactions/Electrolytes
interfaces
support the
management and
processing of
kinetic,
equilibrium and
electrolytes
reaction systems
in process
models. These
interfaces
support any
reaction model,
they are clients
to formulate
reaction
equations, and
they support
reaction model
parameter
estimation.
Changes in this version:
Did not exist
previously.
Needs to be
thoroughly
tested.
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Unit Operations
(419kB)
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CAPE-OPEN
defines a
comprehensive
set of standard
interfaces for
unit operation
modules being
used within
modular and
steady-state
PMEs. A unit
operation module
may have several
ports that allow
it to be
connected to
other modules
and to exchange
material, energy
or information
with them. In
the material
case (which is
also the most
common), the
port is
associated with
a Material
Object. Ports
are given
directions
(input, output,
or
input-output).
Unit operation
modules also
have sets of
parameters.
These represent
information that
is not
associated with
the ports, but
that the modules
wish to expose
to their
clients. Typical
examples include
equipment design
parameters (e.g.
the geometry of
a reactor) and
important
quantities
computed by the
module (e.g. the
capital and
operating cost
of a reactor).
Changes in this version:
none but this
interface has
been extensively
tested.
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Solvers (568.2kB)
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Focuses on the
solution
algorithms that
are necessary
for carrying out
steady state and
dynamic
simulation of
lumped systems.
In particular,
this includes
algorithms for
the solution of
large, sparse
systems of
non-linear
algebraic
equations
(NLAEs) and
mixed (ordinary)
differential and
algebraic
equations
(DAEs).
Algorithms for
the solution of
the large sparse
systems of
linear algebraic
equations (LAEs)
that often arise
as sub-problems
in the solution
of NLAEs and
DAEs are also
considered. The
CO standard
introduces new
concepts, such
as models and
the equation set
object (ESO),
which is a
software
abstraction of a
set of
non-linear
algebraic or
mixed (ordinary)
differential and
algebraic
equations.
Changes in this version:
none
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PDAE (Partial
Differential
Algebraic
Equations) (393kB)
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This interface
defines, on top
of the Solvers
specification,
numerical
services for
systems with
some variables
distributed
along one or
several
dimensions. In
PDAEs the
dependent model
variables depend
on one or more
independent
variables.
Independent
variables are
for instance
spatial
co-ordinates,
particulate
co-ordinates (in
case of
population
balance models)
or time (in case
of dynamic
models). Thus,
models of
computational
fluid dynamics
are also
included in this
class of
problems.
Changes in this version:
Did not exist
previously.
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Optimization
(336kB)
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The Optimisation
interfaces
define access to
Mathematical
Programming
optimisation
services. They
are also based
on the Solvers
architecture.
Mathematical
programming (IP
/ LP / NLP /
MILP / MINLP)
problems involve
the minimisation
or maximisation
of a linear /
nonlinear
objective
function subject
to linear /
nonlinear
constraints. The
optimisation may
involve both
continuous and
discrete
(integer-valued)
decision
variables.
Mathematical
programming
optimisation
problems arise
in many process
engineering
applications,
including
process
synthesis,
process design,
product design
and others.
Changes in this version:
Did not exist
previously.
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Parameter
Estimation and
Data
Reconciliation
(249kB)
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The Parameter
Estimation and
Data
Reconciliation
interface
(PEDR), at its
name clearly
states, defines
interface to (i)
parameter
estimation
algorithms where
the value of a
model parameter
must be adjusted
in order to meet
constraints such
as experimental
data; and (ii)
data
reconciliation
packages which
eliminate noisy
factors from raw
measurements of
process
variables; The
DR and PE are
very similar
problems in the
sense that both
are constrained
optimization
problems. Since
a PEDR module
may require
using external
optimization
services, the
PEDR module may
call an
optimization
solver module
through a
CO-compliant
interface.
Changes in this version: Did not exist previously.
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Sequential
Modular Specific
Tools (5.4MB)
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A key part of
the operation of
sequential
modular
simulation
systems is the
analysis of the
process
flowsheet in
order to
determine a
suitable
sequence of
calculation of
the unit
operation
modules. This
task is
typically
carried out
using a set of
tools that
operate on the
directed graph
representation
of the
flowsheet. The
SMST
specification
defines standard
interfaces for
the construction
of these
directed graphs,
and for carrying
out
partitioning,
ordering,
tearing and
sequencing
operations on
them.
Changes in this version: None, but has been moved from Numerics.
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Planning and
Scheduling (551kB)
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Planning and
Scheduling
interface
defines
interfaces to
components
delivering
procedures and
processes for
allocating
equipment over
time to execute
the chemical and
physical-processing
tasks required
for
manufacturing
chemical
products,
generally in
batches. These
interfaces deal
with managing
requirements,
production
resources,
recipes,
planning and
scheduling
problems and
their solutions.
Changes in this version: Did not exist previously. Need to be thoroughly
tested.
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(c) CO-LaN 2012. All
rights are reserved unless specifically
stated otherwise.
Last modified on January 20, 2012
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