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 Business Interfaces
 Thermodynamics and Physical Properties (241kB
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CAPE-OPEN focuses on uniform fluids that are mixtures of pure components or pseudo-components, and whose quality can be described in
terms of molar composition. The physical properties operations that have been provided with standardised interfaces are those required
for the calculation of vapour-liquid or liquid-solid equilibria or subsets thereof, as well as other commonly used thermodynamic and
transport properties. A key concept is that of a Material Object. Typically, each distinct material appearing in a process (in streams
flowing between unit operations, as well as within individual unit operations) is characterised by one such object. To support the
implementation of the above framework, the CO standard defines interfaces for Material Objects, as well as for thermodynamic property
packages, calculation routines and equilibrium servers.
Changes in this version:
documents available under version 0.93 have been merged. This interface has been extensively tested. An errata document is available and should be referred
to since it includes also some normative corrections (version 8 of March 2008).
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Physical Properties Data Bases (667kB
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Physical Properties Data Bases (PPDB) interfaces define a CAPE-OPEN compliant standard interface for connecting a data base with
recorded physical property values and model parameters to flowsheeting and other engineering programs. This interface deals with
measured, correlated or estimated values of physical property data at discrete values of the variables of state (temperature, pressure,
composition).
Changes in this version:
Did not exist previously. Needs to be thoroughly tested.
- Petroleum Fractions (255kB
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Petroleum Fractions (PetroFrac) interfaces extend the standard Material Object for use in the modelling of hydrocarbon fluids processed
in refining, petrochemicals and offshore production facilities. They supply additional access to petroleum-specific properties (e.g. RON,
MON, cetane index, TBP curves, etc.), and allow characterising parameters of the mixtures. They also introduce a small change in the
Unit Operation interfaces in order to distinguish Unit Operations handling petroleum fractions from others.
Changes in this
version:
Did not exist previously. Needs to be thoroughly tested.
- Chemical Reactions Interface Specification (511kB
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Chemical Reactions/Electrolytes interfaces support the management and processing of kinetic, equilibrium and electrolytes reaction
systems in process models. These interfaces support any reaction model, they are clients to formulate reaction equations, and they
support reaction model parameter estimation.
Changes in this version:
Did not exist previously. Needs to be thoroughly tested.
- Unit Operations (419kB
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CAPE-OPEN defines a comprehensive set of standard interfaces for unit operation modules being used within modular and steady-state PMEs.
A unit operation module may have several ports that allow it to be connected to other modules and to exchange material, energy or
information with them. In the material case (which is also the most common), the port is associated with a Material Object. Ports are
given directions (input, output, or input-output). Unit operation modules also have sets of parameters. These represent information that
is not associated with the ports, but that the modules wish to expose to their clients. Typical examples include equipment design
parameters (e.g. the geometry of a reactor) and important quantities computed by the module (e.g. the capital and operating cost of a
reactor).
Changes in this version:
none but this interface has been extensively tested.
- Solvers (568.2 KB
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Focuses on the solution algorithms that are necessary for carrying out steady state and dynamic simulation of lumped systems. In
particular, this includes algorithms for the solution of large, sparse systems of non-linear algebraic equations (NLAEs) and mixed
(ordinary) differential and algebraic equations (DAEs). Algorithms for the solution of the large sparse systems of linear algebraic
equations (LAEs) that often arise as sub-problems in the solution of NLAEs and DAEs are also considered. The CO standard introduces
new concepts, such as models and the equation set object (ESO), which is a software abstraction of a set of non-linear algebraic or
mixed (ordinary) differential and algebraic equations.
Changes in this version:
none
- PDAE (Partial Differential Algebraic Equations) (393kB
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This interface defines, on top of the Solvers specification, numerical services for systems with some variables distributed along one or several dimensions. In PDAEs the dependent model variables depend on one or more independent variables. Independent variables are for instance spatial co-ordinates, particulate co-ordinates (in case of population balance models) or time (in case of dynamic models). Thus, models of computational fluid dynamics are also included in this class of problems.
Changes in this version:
Did not exist previously.
- Optimisation (336kB
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The Optimisation interfaces define access to Mathematical Programming optimisation services. They are also based on the Solvers architecture. Mathematical programming (IP / LP / NLP / MILP / MINLP) problems involve the minimisation or maximisation of a linear / nonlinear objective function subject to linear / nonlinear constraints. The optimisation may involve both continuous and discrete (integer-valued) decision variables. Mathematical programming optimisation problems arise in many process engineering applications, including process synthesis, process design, product design and others.
Changes in this version:
Did not exist previously.
- Parameter Estimation and Data Reconciliation (249kB
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The Parameter Estimation and Data Reconciliation interface (PEDR), at its name clearly states, defines interface to (i) parameter
estimation algorithms where the value of a model parameter must be adjusted in order to meet constraints such as experimental data;
and (ii) data reconciliation packages which eliminate noisy factors from raw measurements of process variables; The DR and PE are very
similar problems in the sense that both are constrained optimization problems. Since a PEDR module may require using external
optimisation services, the PEDR module may call an optimisation solver module through a CO-compliant interface.
Changes in this version: Did not exist previously.
- Sequential Modular Specific Tools (5.4MB
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A key part of the operation of sequential modular simulation systems is the analysis of the process flowsheet in order to determine a
suitable sequence of calculation of the unit operation modules. This task is typically carried out using a set of tools that operate on
the directed graph representation of the flowsheet. The SMST specification defines standard interfaces for the construction of these
directed graphs, and for carrying out partitioning, ordering, tearing and sequencing operations on them.
Changes in this version:
None, but has been moved from Numerics.
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Planning and Scheduling (551kB
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Planning and Scheduling interface defines interfaces to components delivering procedures and processes for allocating equipment over time to execute the chemical and physical-processing tasks required for manufacturing chemical products, generally in batches. These interfaces deal with managing requirements, production resources, recipes, planning and scheduling problems and their solutions.
Changes in this version:
Did not exist previously. Need to be thoroughly tested.
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